[Information gathered from various sources on Internet, purely for Learning purpose]
Genetics is the study of genes, it s behavior and functions
OR
Study of heredity and variations
Defination
The term genetics was coined by” William Batson”. “Gregor Johann Menedel” is known as the Father of Genetics
Heredity: is the transmission of characters from parents to offsprings
Variations: are the difference among the individuals. These variations are two types
- Hereditary variations: it is Genetical and Inherited from parents to off springs
- Environmental variations: it is acquired during life time.
Mendelism Mendelian Genetics
The contribution of Mendel to genetics. Is called Mendelism.Mendel is the Father of Genetics.
- Gregor Johann mendel was born in Austria.
- After complision of graduation he entered to the augstrian monastery at brunn for further education . he was made priest.
- A few years later mendel was sent to the university of Vienna for teacher training 1854.
- Later mendel appointed as a teacher in mathematics and natural history in secondary school at brunn.
- Mendel was found of gardening and fruit culture from his boyhood.
- When he was working as teacher he performed a series of experiments with pea plants in the garden.
- his work contains inheritance of characters in 22 varieties of garden peas.
- His papers published in the journal natural history society of brunn.
- The work of mendel remaind unnoticed to the world for 33 years.
- In 1900 the principles of genetics worked by mendel were rediscoverd by 3 botanist namely correns, devaries and tshermark.
- The unrecognized papers of mendel were takenout from the grave and made known to the scientific world.
- When mendel work was recognized and appreciated. he was no more.
Mendel collected several types of garden pea and studies the differences among them. then he did Hybridization experiments with different types of plants. following are the reasons for success.
- Flowers of pea plants are normally Self-fertilized.
- pea plants shows numbers of clear cut contrasting characters.
- The hybrids of garden pea are perfectly fertail.
- Cross-pollination is not very difficult in pea.
- Artificial fertilization is almost always Successful.
- It has short growth period, short life cycle.
- It is vey easily cultivate in open ground.
- The genes for the 7 pairs of characters are located on 7 seperate Homologous pairs of Chromosomes.
- The plants are Annual. repeated number of hybridization experiments could be conducted.
- Many pure breeding varieties are available for the experiment.
- He maintained Statistical records of the results, it helped him to derive numerical ratios of Significance.
| Characterstics | Dominent | Recessive |
| Length of Stem | Tall | Dwarf |
| Position of the flower | Axial | Terminal |
| Color of the pod | Green | Yellow |
| Shape of the pod | Inflated | Constricted |
| Shape of the seed | Round | Wrinkled |
| Color of the seed coat | Colored | White |
| Color of the Cotuledon | Yellow | Green |
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