A. Quantitative Research
Paragraph-wise Explanation
Quantitative research emphasizes numbers, measurements, and statistical analysis. It is structured, objective, and follows systematic procedures like sampling, instrument design, and statistical testing. Researchers use quantitative methods to measure variables, test hypotheses, identify patterns, and generalize findings to larger populations. It is commonly used in scientific, economic, and social research requiring empirical precision.
Point-wise Notes
- Based on numerical data.
- Uses structured instruments (surveys, tests, experiments).
- Employs statistics, mathematical models, hypotheses testing.
- Results can often be generalized.
- Focuses on objectivity, measurement, precision.
B. Qualitative Research
Paragraph-wise Explanation
Qualitative research aims to understand human experiences, meanings, and social contexts. It deals with non-numerical data—words, observations, stories, and interpretations. The researcher becomes part of the research instrument and seeks to explore the depth and complexity of human behavior. It is flexible, exploratory, and ideal for studying phenomena where numbers cannot capture the richness of meaning.
Point-wise Notes
- Based on textual/visual data (interviews, focus groups, observations).
- Aims to capture meanings, experiences, emotions, motivations.
- Uses thematic analysis, coding, content analysis.
- More exploratory and interpretative.
- Not concerned with generalization; focuses on contextual understanding.
