A. Descriptive Research
Paragraph-wise Explanation
Descriptive research focuses on describing the characteristics, facts, or phenomena as they exist in the present. It does not manipulate variables; instead, it collects detailed information to provide an accurate picture of a situation. Researchers typically observe, survey, or record information as it naturally occurs. The goal is “what is happening?” rather than “why it is happening?” This type of research is essential in social sciences for demographic studies, market research, case studies, and opinion polls.
Point-wise Notes
- Aims to describe current conditions/phenomena.
- Does not test causal relationships or hypotheses.
- Uses tools like surveys, observations, case studies, documentation.
- Often deals with frequencies, averages, percentages, etc.
- Suitable for fact-finding and status-analysis.
- Output is descriptive, not interpretative or explanatory.
B. Analytical Research
Paragraph-wise Explanation
Analytical research goes beyond description to critically evaluate, analyze, and interpret the collected information. The researcher uses existing data or theoretical frameworks and analyzes them to understand causes, relationships, or underlying patterns. In analytical research, the emphasis is on “why” and “how” a phenomenon occurs. It often involves using statistical tools, model-building, hypothesis testing, and logical reasoning.
Point-wise Notes
- Seeks to interpret, analyze, and explain phenomena.
- Involves critical evaluation, causal analysis, and theory-based reasoning.
- Common in scientific experiments, policy analysis, economic modeling, etc.
- Often uses quantitative tools like correlation, regression, ANOVA, etc.
- Focuses on establishing relationships and causes.
