1.2 Agricultural Practices

[In agriculture, when plants of the same kind are cultivated on a large scale in one place, it is referred to as a crop, such as a field of wheat. Crops are classified based on the season they grow in, with India having diverse climatic conditions that support a variety of crops. The two main cropping patterns in India are kharif and rabi. Kharif crops, like paddy, maize, soybean, groundnut, and cotton, are sown during the rainy season from June to September. Rabi crops, including wheat, gram, pea, mustard, and linseed, are grown in the winter season from October to March. Additionally, pulses and vegetables are cultivated in the summer in many regions.]

When a lot of the same kind of plants are grown together in one place, it’s called a crop. For example, if a field is full of wheat plants, we call it a wheat crop.

Types of Crops:

1. Cereals: Like rice, wheat, and maize.
2. Vegetables: Like carrots, beans, and potatoes.
3. Fruits: Like apples, mangoes, and bananas.

Crops by Season:

India is a big country with different weather in different places. Because of this, farmers grow different crops in different seasons. Even though there’s a lot of variety, we can group the crops into two main types based on the season they are grown in:

1. Kharif Crops:
   • When are they grown? These crops are planted in the rainy season, which is usually from June to September in India.
   • Examples: Some common kharif crops are:
     • Paddy (Rice)
     • Maize (Corn)
     • Soybean
     • Groundnut (Peanut)
     • Cotton
2. Rabi Crops:
   • When are they grown? These crops are planted in the winter season, which is from October to March.
   • Examples: Some common rabi crops are:
     • Wheat
     • Gram (Chickpea)
     • Pea
     • Mustard
     • Linseed

Other Crops:

Besides kharif and rabi crops, farmers also grow pulses (like lentils and beans) and vegetables during the summer in many places.

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