🔹 Basic Information

• Element Name: Bismuth
• Discovered By: Known since ancient times (exact discoverer unknown)
• Year of Discovery: Ancient (recognized separately in the 1400s)
• Category: Post-transition Metal
• Group: 15
• State at Room Temperature: Solid (silvery-white with a pinkish tint) ⚙️

Bismuth is a heavy, brittle metal famous for its colorful oxide layers that form beautiful patterns.

🔸 Chemical Properties

• Chemical Symbol: Bi
• Atomic Number: 83
• Atomic Mass: ~208.98 u
• Valency: +3, +5
• Electronic Configuration: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

Bismuth is stable, non-toxic, and doesn’t easily react with air or water.

📘 Basic Things to Know

Bismuth is the heaviest non-radioactive element and is known for its low toxicity compared to similar metals like lead.

🤔 Interesting Facts

• Bismuth crystals can form rainbow-colored, stair-step structures that are popular for collectors 🌈✨
• It has one of the lowest thermal conductivities among metals, meaning it doesn’t conduct heat well ❄️🔥
• Bismuth is non-toxic, so it’s sometimes used as a safer replacement for lead ♻️
• It expands slightly when it solidifies, making it useful in precision casting 🏭
• Used in Pepto-Bismol, a medicine for upset stomachs and indigestion 💊

🔧 Common Uses

• Medicine: Ingredients in digestive remedies like Pepto-Bismol 💊
• Cosmetics: Used in some pigments and powders for shimmer and color 🎨
• Alloys: Makes low-melting alloys for fire safety devices and fuses 🔥
• Metallurgy: Added to alloys to improve machinability and stability ⚙️
• Crystals: Bismuth crystals are popular for science and art collections 🌈

📚 Conclusion

Bismuth is a beautiful, safe metal with interesting properties and everyday uses. For students, it’s a great example of how elements can be both useful and visually stunning! 🌟🧪