{"id":1568,"date":"2023-02-23T00:05:13","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T18:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/?p=1568"},"modified":"2025-05-22T17:16:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T11:46:00","slug":"sem6z1-0-introduction-to-genetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/2023\/02\/23\/sem6z1-0-introduction-to-genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"[SEM6Z]1.0 Introduction to Genetics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[<em>Information gathered from various sources on Internet, purely for Learning purpose<\/em>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Genetics is the study of genes, it s behavior and functions<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; OR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Study of heredity and variations<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<cite>Defination<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The term genetics was coined by<u>\u201d William Batson\u201d. <\/u> \u201cGregor Johann Menedel\u201d is known as the Father of Genetics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em><u>Heredity: &nbsp;<\/u>&nbsp;is the transmission of characters from parents to offsprings<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em><u>Variations:<\/u>&nbsp; are the difference among the individuals. These variations are two types<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hereditary variations:&nbsp;&nbsp; it is Genetical and Inherited from parents to off springs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Environmental variations:&nbsp; it is acquired during life time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSBAsCEncAO-R18YA3rZv4ZYz3vL4hiE_wBLz-8cNgAJGTUtF6h\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:374px;height:374px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">[<strong> Gregor John Mendal<\/strong> ] <em>Image Source:https:\/\/encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSBAsCEncAO-R18YA3rZv4ZYz3vL4hiE_wBLz-8cNgAJGTUtF6h<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mendelism Mendelian Genetics<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contribution of Mendel to genetics. Is called Mendelism.Mendel is the Father of Genetics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gregor Johann mendel was born in Austria. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After complision of graduation he entered to the augstrian monastery at brunn for further education . he was made priest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A few years later mendel was sent to the university of Vienna for teacher training 1854.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later mendel appointed as a teacher in mathematics and natural history in secondary school at brunn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mendel was found of gardening and fruit culture from his boyhood.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When he was working as teacher he performed a series of experiments with pea plants in the garden.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>his work contains inheritance of characters in 22 varieties of garden peas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His papers published in the journal natural history society of brunn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The work of mendel remaind unnoticed to the world for 33 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 1900 the principles of genetics worked by mendel were rediscoverd by 3 botanist namely&nbsp; correns, devaries and tshermark.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The unrecognized papers of mendel were takenout from the grave and made known to the scientific world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When mendel work was recognized and appreciated. he was no more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mendel collected several types of garden pea and studies the differences among them. then he did Hybridization experiments with different types of plants. following are the reasons  for success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Flowers of pea plants are normally Self-fertilized.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pea plants shows numbers of clear cut contrasting characters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The hybrids of garden pea are perfectly fertail.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cross-pollination is not very difficult in pea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Artificial fertilization is almost always Successful.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It has short growth period, short life cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is vey easily cultivate in open ground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The genes for the 7 pairs of characters are located on 7 seperate Homologous pairs of Chromosomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The plants are Annual. repeated number of hybridization experiments could be conducted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many pure breeding varieties are available for the experiment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He maintained Statistical records of the results, it helped him to derive numerical ratios of Significance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Characterstics<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Dominent<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Recessive<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Length of Stem<\/td><td>Tall<\/td><td>Dwarf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Position of the flower<\/td><td>Axial<\/td><td>Terminal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Color of the pod<\/td><td>Green<\/td><td>Yellow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shape of the pod<\/td><td>Inflated<\/td><td>Constricted<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shape of the seed<\/td><td>Round <\/td><td>Wrinkled<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Color of the seed coat<\/td><td>Colored<\/td><td>White<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Color of the Cotuledon<\/td><td>Yellow<\/td><td>Green<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>[ 7 Contrasting pair of Characters of Pea Plant]<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>[Download our <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=da.texperts.classwork\">ClassWork App<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=da.texperts.classwork\">Playstore<\/a> to stay connected with us and our new contents.]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whatsapp.com\/channel\/0029VaAvyPv23n3XL8kpGZ2d\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png?resize=1024%2C341&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2129\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png?resize=1024%2C341&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png?resize=300%2C100&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png?resize=768%2C256&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/texpertssolutions.com\/notes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Information gathered from various sources on Internet, purely for Learning purpose] Genetics is the study of genes, it s behavior and functions &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; OR &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Study of heredity and variations Defination The term genetics was coined by\u201d William Batson\u201d. \u201cGregor Johann Menedel\u201d is known as the Father of Genetics Heredity: &nbsp;&nbsp;is the transmission of characters&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[552],"tags":[367,18,353,362,361,44,355,366,350,348,344,349,363,365,351,359,345,354,347,360,179,357,364,356,217,368,352],"class_list":["post-1568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academics","tag-bidar","tag-bsc","tag-bsc-6-sem-genetics","tag-cbz","tag-chitradurga","tag-classwork","tag-dihybride-cross","tag-gadag","tag-genes","tag-genetics","tag-gregor","tag-heredity","tag-hiriyur","tag-hubli","tag-hybridization","tag-mandya","tag-mendal","tag-monohybride-cross","tag-pea","tag-ranebennuru","tag-science","tag-science-college","tag-sira","tag-variations","tag-vijayanagara","tag-vijayapura","tag-zoology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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